Unit 8

Unit 8

Warriors without Weapons

In this unit we learned a lot about the red cross. It prevents and alleviates human suffering in the face of emergencies by mobilizing the power of volunteers and the generosity of donors.​  The Red Cross, born of a desire to bring assistance without discrimination to the wounded on the battlefield, endeavors in its international and national capacity to prevent and alleviate human suffering wherever it may be found. Its purpose is to protect life and health and to ensure respect for the human being. It promotes mutual understanding, friendship, cooperation and lasting peace amongst all peoples.

 

Vocabulary

1)     Legitimacy: moral and legal acceptability

2)     Devastating: completely destructive.

3)     Volatile: likey to explote; tense

4)     Barbarism and savagery:  cruel and extremely violent behavior

5)     Ratified: signed; officially approved

6)     Institutionalize: communicating widely

7)     Prevailed: existed; lasted

8)     Spare: save

9)     Subscribe to: support and follow.

10)  Disseminating: communicating widely

11)  Counterintuitive:  Illogical; unepxected

12)  Codes: rule

13)  Restrain:control

14)  Human universal: values shared by all human beings

Grammar

DIRECT SPEECH

Direct speech repeats, or quotes, the exact words spoken. When we use direct speech in writing, we place the words spoken between quotation marks (" ") and there is no change in these words. We may be reporting something that's being said now (for example a telephone conversation), or telling someone later about a previous conversation.

EXAMPLES

• She says, "What time will you be home?"
• She said, "What time will you be home?" and I said, "I don't know! "
• "There's a fly in my soup!" screamed Simone.
• John said, "There's an elephant outside the window.  

INDIRECT SPEECH

Reported or indirect speech is usually used to talk about the past, so we normally change the tense of the words spoken. We use reporting verbs like (say), (tell), (ask), and we may use the word (that) to introduce the reported words.

She said, "I saw him." (direct speech) = She said that she had seen him. (indirect speech) 

(That) may be omitted:

She told him that she was happy. = She told him she was happy.

(SAY) AND (TELL)

Use (say) when there is no indirect object:
He said that he was tired.

Always use (tell) when you say who was being spoken to (i.e. with an indirect object):
He told me that he was tired.

(TALK) AND (SPEAK)

Use these verbs to describe the action of communicating:
He talked to us.
She was speaking on the telephone.

Use these verbs with (about) to refer to what was said:
He talked (to us) about his parents.